All about Mobile Screens...!

The screen defines your smartphone. This is why its size and the quality of image it reproduces determines, to a large extent, your overall experience of using a smartphone.

No wonder mobile phone makers are investing a fortune in screen technologies. But what makes one screen better than the other? ET explains the mainstream technologies behind smartphone displays.

#1...LCD

LCD, or Liquid Crystal Display, is the most common flat panel display. It uses a combination of layers of liquid crystals and a backlight to produce an image. The properties of the liquid crystals to block or allow light change as current is applied

#2...TFT

TFT or Thin Film Transistor is used to improve readability of LCD panels. Transistors are embedded within the panel itself, reducing crosstalk between pixels and improving image stability. Used mainly in entry-level handsets with colour screens.

#3...IPS LCD

IPS, or In Plane Switching, is a further evolution of the LCD, invented by Hitachi and LG to improve on colours and viewing angles of TFT displays

#4...Retina

Introduced by Apple, this type of LCD uses pixels smaller than the human retina can perceive. Retina displays are found in fourth-generation iPod Touch and iPhone 4/4S.

#5...OLED

OLED or Organic Light Emitting Diodes, produce their own light rather than relying on a backlight. It offers a brighter, more vivid picture with a higher contrast ratio on lower power consumption.


#6...AMOLED

AMOLED, or Active Matrix OLEDs, allow for a larger size screen with a higher number of pixels.

#7...SuperAMOLED

SuperAMOLED Plus & AMOLED Advanced are improvements that increase brightness, reduce reflectance or lower power consumption.

#8...S-LCD

Super, or S-LCD, is a corporation founded by Samsung and Sony. S-LCDs use technology that brings quality and contrast levels to near-Amoled standards, but at a lower price.

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How wikileaks worked...Spy files !

When citizens' protests overthrew dictatorships in Egypt and Libya this year, they discovered listening rooms where devices from companies like Gamma corporation of the UK, Amesys of France, VASTech of South Africa and ZTE Corp of China monitored their every move online and on the phone.

What was extremely difficult to digest, however, was the fact that such wide-scale snooping and tracking had been going on not just in these two countries, but across as many as 25 nations across the globe. The governments in these countries had been keeping tabs on its citizens since 2002.
According to Spy Files released by WikiLeaks, intelligence agencies, military forces and police authorities "silently... and secretly intercepted calls and had taken over computers without the help of telecommunication providers", and tracked the physical location of mobile phone users, even when their devices were only on standby.

#1...25 countries snooped

Mass interception of entire populations is not only a reality, it is a secret new industry spanning 25 countries, according to WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. These countries include India, US, UK, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, South Africa, Switzerland, Turkey and Ukraine.

#2...The Indian angle

There are three Indian companies in the WikiLeaks list of surveillance companies. These are Shogi Communications, ClearTrail and Shield Security.

#3...Big names involved

According to Assange, international surveillance companies are based in the more technologically sophisticated countries, and they sell their technology on to every country of the world.

This industry is, in practice, unregulated and has some 160 companies. Some of the significant names include, BEA, Dialogic, Cambridge Consultants, HP, Siemens, Nice Systems, Nokia Siemens Networks and Thales.

#4...How it worked: Computers hijacked

Surveillance companies like SS8 in the US, Hacking Team in Italy and Vupen in France manufacture viruses (Trojans) that hijack individual computers and phones (including iPhones, Blackberries and Androids), take over the device, record its every use, movement, and even the sights and sounds of the room it is in.

#5...How it worked: Voice analysis

Other companies like Phoenexia in the Czech Republic collaborate with the military to create speech analysis tools. Other companies like Phoenexia in the Czech Republic collaborate with the military to create speech analysis tools. They identify individuals by gender, age and stress levels and track them based on 'voiceprints'.

Blue Coat in the US and Ipoque in Germany sell tools to governments in countries like China and Iran to prevent dissidents from organizing online.

#6...How it worked: Location-based spying

The CIA officials have bought software that allows them to match phone signals and voice prints instantly and pinpoint the specific identity and location of individuals. Intelligence Integration Systems, Inc, based in Massachusetts - sells a "location-based analytics" software called Geospatial Toolkit for this purpose.

Another Massachusetts company named Netezza, which bought a copy of the software, allegedly reverse engineered the code and sold a hacked version to the Central Intelligence Agency for use in remotely piloted drone aircraft.

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